Analysis of the influence of the privatization of airports on the forecast of passenger demand. The case of Colombia

En este trabajo se analiza el impacto de la privatización de aeropuertos en el desarrollo futuro de la demanda de pasajeros en dichos aeropuertos privatizados, y como marco de aplicación se utiliza la red aeroportuaria colombiana, la cual experimenta, desde la liberación de la industria del transporte aéreo (1991), un importante y extenso desarrollo de concesiones. La investigación se centra sobre la influencia de la privatización del aeropuerto en el pronóstico a corto plazo de la demanda de pasajeros. Para estimar los efectos que ejerce sobre la demanda de pasajeros la privatización de los aeropuertos se desarrolla un modelo de series de tiempo empleando la metodología de Box–Jenkins usando modelos ARIMAX. Los principales resultados muestran pronósticos de crecimiento positivo de la demanda en la mayoría de los aeropuertos analizados.This paper analyzes the impact of airport privatization on the future development of passenger demand in these privatized airports. The Colombian airport network is used as an application framework because of its important and extensive development of concessions from the liberation of the transport industry in 1991. The research focuses on the influence of airport privatization on the short-term forecast of passenger demand. To estimate the effects on passenger demand of airport privatization, a time series model is developed using the Box-Jenkins methodology, i.e. ARIMAX models. The main results show forecasts of positive growth in demand at most of the airports analyzed

Emergency drills for drought response: a case study in Guatemala

Drills are an important element of disaster management, helping to increase preparedness and reduce the risk of real-time failure. Yet they are not systematically applied to slow-onset disasters such as drought, which cause damage that is not immediately apparent and thus do not solicit immediate action. This case study evaluates how drills inform institutional responses to slow-onset disasters. We focus on Guatemala, a country where drought has severe impacts on livelihoods and food security of small farmers. Implementing part of the Ministry of Agriculture institutional response plan for drought, we explore how drills can help to detect issues in drought emergency response and to obtain an institutional focus on improvements in preparedness. Findings show that emergency drills alone do not trigger institutional improvement if unsupported by a wider strategy aiming at improvement of protocols and capacities. They are valuable, however, in making problems transparent and in creating space for discussion

Nonparametric Edge Detection in Speckled Imagery

We address the issue of edge detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery. In particular, we propose nonparametric methods for edge detection, and numerically compare them to an alternative method that has been recently proposed in the literature. Our results show that some of the proposed methods display superior results and are computationally simpler than the existing method. An application to real (not simulated) data is presented and discussed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Mathematics and Computers in Simulatio

Factores de riesgo de Covid-19 en población Pediátrica, período diciembre 2019-marzo 2022, revisión sistemática

Los niños son considerados como una población susceptible debido al desarrollo de un sistema inmune, por lo que se desea conocer el impacto del COVID-19 en población pediátrica. Teniendo como Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo del COVID-19 en la población pediátrica, como metodología: la revisión sistemática, en documentos publicados desde diciembre del año 2019 a marzo del presente año, se utilizan motores de búsqueda, EBSCO, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, eLibro, SciELO, PubMed, UpToDate

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Introducción a técnicas de muestreo

La unidad INTRODUCCIÓN AL MUESTREO presenta los conceptos fundamentales del muestreo, con lo que se busca que el estudiante sepa diferenciar con claridad que es un censo y cuando es conveniente hace uso de muestras. Se abordan las definiciones de e lementos muestrales, población, universo, censo, muestra, marco muestral, entre otras. También se plantearan las etapas de un diseño muestral, así como el Plan general de una encuesta, desde la formación de grupos de temática, pasando por el plan de muestreo, el grupo de sistemas y el operativo de campo.https://ciencia.lasalle.edu.co/cursos_intersemestrales/1001/thumbnail.jp

Propuesta de elaboración de Tablas de Retención Documental para el Instituto Financiero de Casanare

Spa: El objetivo principal del presente documento es proponer la elaboración de las tablas de retención documental para el Instituto Financiero de Casanare (IFC), todo a vez que no se cuenta con instrumentos archivísticos aprobados, la normatividad plantea que este instrumento de archivística es necesario para el desarrollo de la gestión documental, ya que permite establecer los tipo de documentos que maneja una entidad, su necesidad, grado de importancia y tiempo que debe permanecer en cada etapa del ciclo vital, así mismo, determina su tiempo de conservación y preservación una vez finalice su vigencia. Introducción.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 298-300.EspecializaciónEspecialista en Archivistic

La comunicación y la salud pública en la modernidad: una reflexión desde las teorías y una realidad colombiana

Habitualmente las intervenciones comunicativas realizadas por la salud pública, dirigidas hacia la co munidad en general, buscan influenciar cambios en los hábitos individuales y/o colectivos que redun den en la salud de las personas, no obstante, es interesante conocer mediante un análisis crítico algunas bases teóricas de la comunicación inmersas en estas intervenciones. En esta reflexión crítica es perti nente agregar también algunos rasgos paradigmáticos relativos a la salud pública. Con la realización de este breve recorrido teórico en el que se abordarán los temas antes mencionados, más la integración de un caso de comunicación utilizado en Colombia en la última década, será posible llevar a cabo un aná lisis destinado a comprender el alcance dado, sus estrategias, los modelos usados de la comunicación, las dificultades y aciertos. Este análisis parte de una revisión de literatura basada en artículos científi cos y libros, todos delimitados en un material de estudio trabajado en el marco de nuestros estudios de posgrado en salud pública.Habitually the communication interventions that are used by public health are addressed to overall community and these are trying to influence an individual and collective habits change to better health conditions. However, would be interesting to know through a critical analysis, some theo retical funds from communication embedded in these interventions. In this critical reflection it’s pertinent to add some paradigmatic traits in rela tion within public health. We will aboard both the themes mentioned before and add a communica tion case that was used in Colombia in last decade, with this short theoretical path, we’ll develop an analysis aimed to understand the scope, strategies, communication used models, troubles and succes ses. This analysis starts from a literature review based on books and scientific articles, all of them bounded on a study material worked in the fra mework of our health public postgraduate.Recibido/Received: 31/07/2019 Aceptado/Accepted: 20/08/201